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Wikipedia



PROPOSALS FOR ALTERNATIVE JEWISH HOMELANDS
Wikipedia

MAJOR PROPOSALS

1 Andinia Plan
(Spanish: plan Andinia) refers to both former ideas (dating to the 19th century) to establish a Jewish state in parts of Argentina
2 Ararat city
In 1820, in a precursor to modern Zionism, Mordecai Manuel Noah tried to found a Jewish homeland at Grand Island in the Niagara River, to be called "Ararat," after Mount Ararat,

3 British Uganda Program
The British Uganda Program was a plan to give a portion of British East Africa to the Jewish people as a homeland.

The offer was first made by British Colonial Secretary Joseph Chamberlain to Theodore Herzl's Zionist group in 1903. He offered 5,000 square miles (13,000 km2) of the Mau Plateau in what is today Kenya. The offer was a response to pogroms against the Jews in Russia, and it was hoped the area could be a refuge from persecution for the Jewish people.

4 Jewish Autonomous Oblast in USSR
On March 28, 1928, the Presidium of the General Executive Committee of the USSR passed the decree "On the attaching for Komzet of free territory near the Amur River in the Far East for settlement of the working Jews." The decree meant that there was "a possibility of establishment of a Jewish administrative territorial unit on the territory of the called region".

5 Fugu plan
Refers to memoranda written in the 1930s Imperial Japan proposing settling Jewish refugees escaping Nazi-occupied Europe in Japanese territories

6 Madagascar plan
A suggested policy of the Third Reich government of Nazi Germany to forcibly relocate the Jewish population of Europe to the island of Madagascar.

7 British Guiana
In March 1940, the issue of an alternative Jewish Homeland was raised and British Guiana (now Guyana) was discussed in this context. But the British Government decided that "the problem is at present too problematical to admit of the adoption of a definite policy and must be left for the decision of some future Government in years to come".[16]


OTHER JEWISH SELF-GOVERNANCE PROPOSALS
Ancient Proposals

Adiabene
An ancient kingdom in Mesopotamia with its capital at Arbil was ruled by Jewish converts during the first century.

Anilai and Asinai
Babylonian-Jewish chieftains.

Mahoza –
During the beginning of sixth century Mar-Zutra II formed a politically independent state where he ruled from Mahoza for about 7 years.

Nehardea –
The seat of the exilarch in Babylonia.

Khaybar –
A self-governed oasis in Arabia.

Himyar –
There were many Jewish kings at this region of Yemen since 390 CE when a local chieftain named Tub'a Abu Kariba As'ad formed an Empire.

Kingdom of Semien –
A Jewish kingdom in Ethiopia

Touat –
A self-governed oasis in Algeria


Middle ages to 19th century

The Resh Galuta or Exilarch
Exercised considerable authority over the Jewish community in the Persian Empire and later the Caliphate

Khazar kingdom
During the Middle Ages Khazaria's official religion was Judaism. Jewish scholars and refugees were actively invited to settle within Khazar territory, particularly in Tmutarakan and the Crimea.

Makhir of Narbonne
And possibly his descendents were acknowledged by the Carolingian emperors as ethnarchs of western Jewry, with their seat at Narbonne

Council of Four Lands –
The central body of Jewish authority in Poland from 1580 to 1764. Seventy delegates from local kehillot met to discuss taxation and other issues important to the Jewish community. The "four lands" were Greater Poland, Little Poland, Ruthenia and Volhynia.

Principality of Malabar
From the eighth century to 1524 the Cochin Jews had an ethnarch ruling over them.

The Mountain Jews of remote parts of Daghestan
Were self-ruling for much of the medieval and early modern period.

Jarawa Berber tribe on the Maghreb
In the seventh century, believed to be Jews, and resisted arabicization under the leadership of Queen Kahina.

Jodensavanne:
An attempt to establish a safe haven for Jews in Surinam

Banou Israel:
Tribe of Jews of Bilad el-Sudan in Fati Lake Mali


Recent Proposals

Location of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast in the Russian Federation.

In the early 20th century Cyprus and El Arish on the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt and its environs were proposed as a site for Jewish settlement by Herzl.

A Jewish "republic" under Arab or Transjordanian suzerainty
This was put forward by the Hashemite kings of Hejaz and emirs of Transjordan; the closest these proposals came to fruition was the Faisal-Weizmann Agreement, which proved to be impossible to implement subsequent to the division of the Levant into League of Nations Mandates.

Eastern Arabia
A Russian Jewish doctor residing in France named Dr M L Rothstein proposed the establishment of a Jewish state in Al-Hasa modern day Saudi Arabia in September 1917.

Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Was a region created by the Soviet Union in the Russian Far East. It has been in existence from 1934 to the present.

Salonika in the Ottoman Empire
Was populated mainly by Sephardim with Judeo-Spanish as the main language. After its incorporation to the Kingdom of Greece, it remained very Jewish until the arrival of Greek refugees from Anatolia in the 1920s.

Albania
In 1935, British Zionist journalist Leo Elton traveled to Albania, apparently at his own initiative, to see if it would be possible to establish a Jewish national entity there. The Kimberley Plan was a failed plan by the Freeland League, led by Isaac Nachman Steinberg, to resettle Jewish refugees from Europe in the Kimberley region in Australia before and during the Holocaust.

In 1941 from Lord Moyne's
East Prussia after Germany was defeated and the area's German inhabitants were expelled.

Kiryas Joel, New York
A town composed largely of Yiddish-speaking Hasidic Jews.

Qırmızı Qəsəbə (formerly in Russian: Krasnaya Sloboda, English: Red Town)
The town is the primary settlement of Azerbaijan's population of Mountain Jews, who make up the population of approximately 4,000.

Sitka, Alaska –
A plan for Jews to settle the Sitka area in Alaska

Vietnam
Vietnamese government officials in 2005, told Israeli officials of a plan discussed between Ho Chi Minh and Moshe Dayan to invite Jews to live in the country. No documentation of the offer and discussion has yet been made available.

(Editors Note  Tiberias  proposed, and initially settled about 1560 was the only Jewish state  in the area later occupied by Israel (see Dona Gracia Mendes and a Jewish State in Tiberias)  

Following the creation of the State of Israel, the goal of establishing a Jewish state was achieved. However, since then, there have been some proposals for a second Jewish state, in addition to Israel:


ANTI-ZIONIST PROPOSALS FOR ALTERNATIVE JEWISH HOMELANDS

As a prevailing strain of anti-Zionism puts forth an opposition to Israel's existence in the Middle East, a smaller wing of anti-Zionism focuses upon the circumstances of the resulting region-wide conflict which followed Israel's Jewish settlement and 1948 declaration of independence; this ideology proposes the hypothetical resettlement of the entire Jewish Israeli population in another isolated region of the world outside the Middle East.


LINKS


1.   Rabbi Ephraim Shore (13 April 2010). Israel: Defying all odds (FLV) 
(Video clip). Israel: 
Aish HaTorah. Retrieved December 27, 2010.

2.   Ofek-9: Israel Launches New Spy Satellite

3.   Satellite Launch-capable countries

4.   Interesting Facts about Israel

5.   Israel World's 8th Happiest Country

      http://worldhappiness.report/      LiveScience (Infographic)

6.   OECD: Israel has 1 of the best healthcare systems

7.   "Human development indices" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 4 November 2010.

8.    International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook Database, September 2011: Report for Selected Countries and Subjects.
Data for the year 2011.

9.    Israel Among Top 3 in Cyber Attack Defense

10.  World Rankings for Clean Tech Innovation: Israel Ranks #2

11.  Israeli Academic Programs

12.  "Top 100". Center for World University Rankings. 2013.

13.  "Four Israeli Universities Among World's Best".
 i24news. September 17, 2014.

14.  OECD: Israel is Second-most Educated Country

15.  US Watchdog: Israel is Mideast’s only 'Free' State

16.  Hot Topics About Modern Israel

17. "Interesting Facts About Israel".

18.  Israeli Civilian R&D Spending up 164% in 1990-2004

19.  www.globalfirepower.com


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